Tom 15 (2018)
Przekłady

Dlaczego rozszerzona synteza ewolucyjna jest niezbędna

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  • Gerd B. Müller

Opublikowane 25.05.2021

Słowa kluczowe

  • biologia ewolucyjna,
  • nowoczesna synteza,
  • rozszerzona synteza,
  • ewolucyjna biologia rozwoju,
  • tworzenie nisz,
  • biologia systemowa
    • ...More
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Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe.

Jak cytować

Müller , Gerd B. “Dlaczego Rozszerzona Synteza Ewolucyjna Jest niezbędna”. Filozoficzne Aspekty Genezy , vol. 15, May 2021, pp. 371-13, https://doi.org/10.53763/fag.2018.15.155.

Abstrakt

Od czasu powstania ostatniej wielkiej unifikacji biologii ewolucyjnej — nowoczesnej syntezy, utworzonej w latach czterdziestych dwudziestego wieku — odnotowano znaczący rozwój nauk biologicznych. Ogromu nowej wiedzy o czynnikach odpowiedzialnych za zmianę ewolucyjną dostarczyły między innymi biologia molekularna i ewolucyjna biologia rozwoju, koncepcje uwzględniające rozwój ekologiczny, tworzenie nisz oraz wielość systemów dziedziczenia, rewolucja „-omik”, a także biologia systemowa. Część odkryć dokonanych w ramach tych koncepcji i dziedzin jest zgodna z teorią standardową, ale inne ustalenia wskazują na niespójne z nią cechy procesu ewolucji. Celem nowej, rozszerzonej syntezy teoretycznej, za którą opowiadają się niektórzy biologowie, jest zunifikowanie stosownych koncepcji formułowanych na gruncie nowych dziedzin badań z elementami teorii standardowej. Stworzona w ten sposób rama teoretyczna różni się od ujęcia standardowego swoją podstawową logiką i mocą predykcyjną. Podczas gdy teoretyczna warstwa nowoczesnej syntezy (wliczając w to również jej korekty) koncentruje się na genetycznej i adaptacyjnej zmienności w populacjach, rozszerzona rama pojęciowa kładzie nacisk na rolę procesów twórczych, interakcji ekologicznych i dynamiki systemowej w ewolucji złożoności organizmów, jak również na jej uwarunkowania społeczne i kulturowe. Przyczynowość jednopoziomową i jednostronną zastąpiono przyczynowością wielopoziomową i dwustronną. Rozszerzona rama pojęciowa przezwycięża między innymi ograniczenia tradycyjnego, genocentrycznego sposobu wyjaśniania i oferuje nowe spojrzenie na rolę doboru naturalnego w procesie ewolucji. Dzięki temu inspiruje badania w nowych obszarach biologii ewolucyjnej.

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